cbcvebase.
CVE-2023-53178
published 2025-09-15

CVE-2023-53178: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: fix zswap writeback race condition The zswap writeback mechanism can cause a race…

PriorityP418medium4.7CVSS 3.1
AVLACHPRLUINSUCNINAH
EPSS
0.11%
1.5th percentile
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: fix zswap writeback race condition The zswap writeback mechanism can cause a race condition resulting in memory corruption, where a swapped out page gets swapped in with data that was written to a different page. The race unfolds like this: 1. a page with data A and swap offset X is stored in zswap 2. page A is removed off the LRU by zpool driver for writeback in zswap-shrink work, data for A is mapped by zpool driver 3. user space program faults and invalidates page entry A, offset X is considered free 4. kswapd stores page B at offset X in zswap (zswap could also be full, if so, page B would then be IOed to X, then skip step 5.) 5. entry A is replaced by B in tree->rbroot, this doesn't affect the local reference held by zswap-shrink work 6. zswap-shrink work writes back A at X, and frees zswap entry A 7. swapin of slot X brings A in memory instead of B The fix: Once the swap page cache has been allocated (case ZSWAP_SWAPCACHE_NEW), zswap-shrink work just checks that the local zswap_entry reference is still the same as the one in the tree. If it's not the same it means that it's either been invalidated or replaced, in both cases the writeback is aborted because the local entry contains stale data. Reproducer: I originally found this by running `stress` overnight to validate my work on the zswap writeback mechanism, it manifested after hours on my test machine. The key to make it happen is having zswap writebacks, so whatever setup pumps /sys/kernel/debug/zswap/written_back_pages should do the trick. In order to reproduce this faster on a vm, I setup a system with ~100M of available memory and a 500M swap file, then running `stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 300000000 --vm-stride 4000` makes it happen in matter of tens of minutes. One can speed things up even more by swinging /sys/module/zswap/parameters/max_pool_percent up and down between, say, 20 and 1; this makes it reproduce in tens of seconds

Affected

15 ranges
VendorProductVersion rangeFixed in
debianlinux< linux 6.1.37-1 (bookworm)linux 6.1.37-1 (bookworm)
linuxlinux——
linuxlinux>= 2b2811178e85553405b86e3fe78357b9b95889ce < 2cab13f500a6333bd2b853783ac76be9e4956f8a2cab13f500a6333bd2b853783ac76be9e4956f8a
linuxlinux>= 2b2811178e85553405b86e3fe78357b9b95889ce < ba700ea13bf0105a4773c654f7d3bef8adb64ab2ba700ea13bf0105a4773c654f7d3bef8adb64ab2
linuxlinux>= 2b2811178e85553405b86e3fe78357b9b95889ce < 04fc7816089c5a32c29a04ec94b998e219dfb94604fc7816089c5a32c29a04ec94b998e219dfb946
linuxlinux_kernel——
linuxlinux_kernel——
linuxlinux_kernel>= 0 < 6.1.37-16.1.37-1
linuxlinux_kernel>= 0 < 6.3.7-16.3.7-1
linuxlinux_kernel>= 0 < 6.3.7-16.3.7-1
linuxlinux_kernel>= 3.11 < 6.1.306.1.30
linuxlinux_kernel>= 6.2 < 6.3.46.3.4
msrccbl2_kernel_5.15.186.1-1_on_cbl_mariner_2.0——
msrccbl2_kernel_5.15.200.1-1_on_cbl_mariner_2.0——
msrccbl2_kernel_5.15.202.1-1_on_cbl_mariner_2.0——

CVSS provenance

nvdv3.14.7MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
osv4.7MEDIUM
vendor_debian4.7MEDIUM
vendor_msrc4.7MEDIUM
vendor_redhat4.7MEDIUM
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