CVE-2024-1781
published 2024-02-23CVE-2024-1781: A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setWizardCfg of the…
PriorityP186critical9.8CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRNUINSUCHIHAH
ITWEXPLOITVulnCheck KEVInitial access
Exploited in the wild
EPSS
14.69%
96.3th percentile
A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component shttpd. The manipulation leads to command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-254573 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Affected
2 ranges
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| totolink | x6000r_ax3000 | — | — |
| totolink | x6000r_firmware | — | — |
Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote
- →RustDuck exploits CVE-2024-1781 (command injection) targeting the setWizardCfg function via /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi on Totolink X6000R AX3000 routers; monitor for unexpected POST/GET requests to this endpoint from external IPs. ↗
- →RustDuck uses a two-stage infection: a small loader that decrypts and unpacks a heavier core module; look for unusual child processes spawned from web-facing CGI processes on router firmware. ↗
- →RustDuck C2 traffic uses ChaCha20-Poly1305 for handshake and AES-GCM for command channel, with HKDF-SHA256 and Curve25519 key exchange, rotating keys every 10 minutes, dressed to resemble ordinary TLS; flag anomalous encrypted sessions to dynamic-DNS domains from IoT devices. ↗
- →RustDuck performs anti-analysis checks including detection of Wireshark, gdb, attached debuggers, honeypot fingerprints, and VM hardware before executing payload; presence of these evasion behaviors in process telemetry on router/IoT devices is a strong indicator of compromise. ↗
- →RustDuck probes a reserved/test internet address that should never respond; unexpected outbound connections to reserved/non-routable addresses from IoT devices may indicate RustDuck sandbox-detection activity. ↗
- →RustDuck C2 commands include: start attack, stop attack, report status, switch control servers, and upgrade malware; monitor for these command patterns in C2 traffic to/from duckdns.org subdomains. ↗
- →IP 176.65.139[.]204 is the primary RustDuck malware delivery address; block and alert on any inbound or outbound connections to this IP across network perimeters. ↗
- ·Totolink X6000R AX3000 firmware version 9.4.0cu.852_20230719 is confirmed vulnerable; the vendor never responded to disclosure and no patch is available — affected devices should be replaced rather than patched. ↗
- ·RustDuck's Rust-based core is actively being developed and rewritten, meaning hashes and signatures may change rapidly; rely on behavioral and network indicators rather than static file hashes alone. ↗
CVSS provenance
nvdv3.19.8CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvdv2.05.8MEDIUMAV:A/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
vulncheck6.3MEDIUM
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GHSA
GHSA-9pr5-r4v8-xqjf: A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9
ghsa_unreviewed·2024-02-23
CVE-2024-1781 [MEDIUM] CWE-77 GHSA-9pr5-r4v8-xqjf: A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9
A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component shttpd. The manipulation leads to command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-254573 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
VulnCheck
totolink x6000r_firmware Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
vulncheck·2024·CVSS 6.3
CVE-2024-1781 [MEDIUM] totolink x6000r_firmware Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
totolink x6000r_firmware Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component shttpd. The manipulation leads to command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-254573 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Affected: totolink x6000r_firmware
Required Action: Apply remediations or mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if remediation or mitigations are unavailable.
Exploitation References: htt
No detection rules found.
No public exploits indexed.
Hackernews
RustDuck Botnet Rebuilds in Rust to Hijack Routers and Servers for DDoS
blogs_hackernews·2026-06-30·CVSS 8.8
CVE-2017-17215 [HIGH] RustDuck Botnet Rebuilds in Rust to Hijack Routers and Servers for DDoS
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## RustDuck Botnet Rebuilds in Rust to Hijack Routers and Servers for DDoS
A new two-stage malware family called RustDuck is hijacking home routers, IP cameras, Android boxes, and poorly secured servers, then stitching them into a network built to knock websites and online services offline.
Researchers at QiAnXin's XLab have tracked it since February 2026, and say the real story is not how big it is today, but how fast it is changing.
The end goal is a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack: flooding a target with junk traffic from the infected machines until it buckles.
RustDuck is one more entrant in a crowded field, b
Trendmicro
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
blogs_trendmicro·2025-10-09·CVSS 8.8
[HIGH] RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Cyber Threats
## RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Trend™ Research and ZDI Threat Hunters have identified a large-scale RondoDox botnet campaign exploiting over 50 vulnerabilities across more than 30 vendors, including flaws first seen in Pwn2Own contests.
By: Deep Patel, Ashish Verma, Simon Dulude, Peter Girnus Oct 09, 2025 Read time: ( words)
Save to Folio
Trend customers can be reassured that they have been protected against vulnerabilities like CVE-2023-1389 since it was disclosed at Pwn2Own.
Below is the timeline showing key events in the RondoDox vulnerability, from discovery to exploitation:
December 6, 2022: Tri Dang and Bien Pham (@bienpnn) from Qrious Secure exploit the WAN interface of TP-Link AX1800 at Pwn2Own Toronto 2022 .
Januar
Trendmicro
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
blogs_trendmicro·2025-10-09·CVSS 8.8
[HIGH] RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Cyber Threats
## RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
The Trend Zero Day Initiative™ (ZDI) and Trend™ Research teams have identified a large-scale RondoDox botnet campaign exploiting over 50 vulnerabilities across more than 30 vendors, including flaws first seen in Pwn2Own contests.
By: Deep Patel, Ashish Verma, Simon Dulude, Peter Girnus Oct 09, 2025 Read time: ( words)
Save to Folio
Trend customers can be reassured that they have been protected against vulnerabilities like CVE-2023-1389 since it was disclosed at Pwn2Own.
Below is the timeline showing key events in the RondoDox vulnerability, from discovery to exploitation:
December 6, 2022: Tri Dang and Bien Pham (@bienpnn) from Qrious Secure exploit the WAN interface of TP-Link AX1800 at Pwn2Ow
Trendmicro
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
blogs_trendmicro·2025-10-09
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Cyber Threats
# RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Trend™ Research and ZDI Threat Hunters have identified a large-scale RondoDox botnet campaign exploiting over 50 vulnerabilities across more than 30 vendors, including flaws first seen in Pwn2Own contests.
By: Deep Patel, Ashish Verma, Simon Dulude, Peter Girnus
2025/10/09
Read time: ( words)
Save to Folio
Key takeaways
- The campaign exposes organizations to the risks of data exfiltration, persistent network compromise, and operational disruption for organizations with exposed infrastructure.
- Organizations operating internet-facing network devices are at heightened risk. Active exploitation has been observed globally since mid-2025, with several CVEs now included in CISA’s Known Exploited Vul
Trendmicro
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
blogs_trendmicro·2025-10-09·CVSS 8.8
[HIGH] RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Cyber Threats
## RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Trend™ Research and ZDI Threat Hunters have identified a large-scale RondoDox botnet campaign exploiting over 50 vulnerabilities across more than 30 vendors, including flaws first seen in Pwn2Own contests.
By: Deep Patel, Ashish Verma, Simon Dulude, Peter Girnus 2025/10/09 Read time: ( words)
Save to Folio
Trend customers can be reassured that they have been protected against vulnerabilities like CVE-2023-1389 since it was disclosed at Pwn2Own.
Below is the timeline showing key events in the RondoDox vulnerability, from discovery to exploitation:
December 6, 2022: Tri Dang and Bien Pham (@bienpnn) from Qrious Secure exploit the WAN interface of TP-Link AX1800 at Pwn2Own Toronto 2022 .
January
Trendmicro
RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
blogs_trendmicro·2025-10-09·CVSS 8.8
[HIGH] RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
Ciberamenazas
## RondoDox: From Targeting Pwn2Own Vulnerabilities to Shotgunning Exploits
The Trend Zero Day Initiative™ (ZDI) and Trend™ Research teams have identified a large-scale RondoDox botnet campaign exploiting over 50 vulnerabilities across more than 30 vendors, including flaws first seen in Pwn2Own contests.
By: Deep Patel, Ashish Verma, Simon Dulude, Peter Girnus Oct 09, 2025 Read time: ( words)
Save to Folio
Trend customers can be reassured that they have been protected against vulnerabilities like CVE-2023-1389 since it was disclosed at Pwn2Own.
Below is the timeline showing key events in the RondoDox vulnerability, from discovery to exploitation:
December 6, 2022: Tri Dang and Bien Pham (@bienpnn) from Qrious Secure exploit the WAN interface of TP-Link AX1800 at Pwn2Ow
Bleepingcomputer
RondoDox botnet targets 56 n-day flaws in worldwide attacks
blogs_bleepingcomputer·2025-10-09·CVSS 8.8
[HIGH] RondoDox botnet targets 56 n-day flaws in worldwide attacks
## RondoDox botnet targets 56 n-day flaws in worldwide attacks
## Bill Toulas
A new large-scale botnet called RondoDox is targeting 56 vulnerabilities in more than 30 distinct devices, including flaws first disclosed during Pwn2Own hacking competitions.
The attacker focuses on a wide range of exposed devices, including DVRs, NVRs, CCTV systems, and web servers and have been active since June.
The RondoDox botnet leverages what Trend Micro researchers call an “exploit shotgun” strategy, where numerous exploits are used simultaneously to maximize the infections, even if the activity is very noisy.
Since FortiGuard Labs discovered RondoDox , the botnet appears to have expanded the list of exploited vulnerabilities, which included CVE-2024-3721 and CVE-2024-12856.
## Mass n-day exploitat
https://github.com/Icycu123/X6000R-AX3000-Wifi-6-Giga/blob/main/2/X6000R%20AX3000%20WiFi%206%20Giga%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%AA%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83rce.mdhttps://vuldb.com/?ctiid.254573https://vuldb.com/?id.254573https://github.com/Icycu123/X6000R-AX3000-Wifi-6-Giga/blob/main/2/X6000R%20AX3000%20WiFi%206%20Giga%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%AA%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83rce.mdhttps://vuldb.com/?ctiid.254573https://vuldb.com/?id.254573
2024-02-23
Published
Exploited in the wild