CVE-2025-10963
published 2025-09-25CVE-2025-10963: A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation…
PriorityP272high8.8CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRLUINSUCHIHAH
EPSS
6.81%
93.2th percentile
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Affected
7 ranges
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| msrc | azl3_pam_1.5.3-3_on_azure_linux_3.0 | — | — |
| msrc | azl3_pam_1.5.3-4_on_azure_linux_3.0 | — | — |
| msrc | azure_linux_3.0_arm | — | — |
| msrc | azure_linux_3.0_x64 | — | — |
| msrc | cbl2_pam_1.5.1-7_on_cbl_mariner_2.0 | — | — |
| wavlink | nu516u1 | — | — |
| wavlink | wl-nu516u1_firmware | — | — |
Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote
snort
alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS Wavlink firewall.cgi Multiple Parameters Command Injection Attempt (CVE-2025-10963, CVE-2025-10959)"; flow:established,to_server; http.method; content:"POST"; http.uri; bsize:21; content:"/cgi-bin/firewall.cgi"; fast_pattern; http.request_body; pcre:"/(?:del|dmz)_flag\x3d.*?(?:(?:\x3b|%3[Bb])|(?:\x0a|%0[Aa])|(?:\x60|%60)|(?:\x7c|%7[Cc])|(?:\x24|%24)|(\x26{2}|%26%26))+/"; reference:url,lafdrew.github.io/2025/03/31/Remote-Command-Execution-in-firewall-cgi-of-wavlink-WL-WN579A3-Device/; reference:url,github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/DMZ.md#poc; reference:cve,2025-10963; reference:cve,2025-10959; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:2062392; rev:2; metadata:affected_product Wavlink, attack_target Networking_Equipment, tls_state plaintext, created_at 2025_05_15, deployment Perimeter, deployment Internal, performance_impact Low, confidence High, signature_severity Major, tag Exploit, tag Description_Generated_By_Proofpoint_Nexus, updated_at 2025_09_25, mitre_tactic_id TA0001, mitre_tactic_name Initial_Access, mitre_technique_id T1190, mitre_technique_name Exploit_Public_Facing_Application; target:dest_ip;)- →Target HTTP POST requests to /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi with body parameters del_flag or dmz_flag containing shell metacharacters indicative of command injection (semicolon, newline, backtick, pipe, dollar sign, double-ampersand) — both plain and URL-encoded forms. ↗
- →The vulnerable function is sub_4016F0 in firewall.cgi; the injection point is the del_flag argument. Focus analysis on that CGI handler when performing firmware or binary analysis. ↗
- →The attack is remotely exploitable with a public exploit available; prioritise perimeter and internal network monitoring for POST traffic to this endpoint on Wavlink NU516U1 devices. ↗
- →The Snort/Suricata rule (ET sid:2062392 rev:2) enforces an exact URI byte-size match of 21 for /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi to reduce false positives; replicate this constraint in custom detections. ↗
- ·The ET rule covers both CVE-2025-10963 (del_flag parameter) and CVE-2025-10959 (dmz_flag parameter) in a single signature; detections firing on this rule should be triaged for both CVEs. ↗
- ·The rule metadata specifies tls_state plaintext, meaning the detection only applies to unencrypted HTTP traffic; encrypted sessions to the device management interface would bypass this signature. ↗
CVSS provenance
nvdv3.18.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvdv4.02.1LOWCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvdv2.06.5MEDIUMAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
vendor_msrc7.4HIGH
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GHSA
GHSA-243q-v298-4w8c: A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425
ghsa_unreviewed·2025-09-25
CVE-2025-10963 [MEDIUM] CWE-74 GHSA-243q-v298-4w8c: A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Microsoft
Pam: improper hostname interpretation in pam_access leads to access control bypass
vendor_msrc·2024-11-12·CVSS 7.4
CVE-2024-10963 [HIGH] CWE-287 Pam: improper hostname interpretation in pam_access leads to access control bypass
Pam: improper hostname interpretation in pam_access leads to access control bypass
FAQ: Is Azure Linux the only Microsoft product that includes this open-source library and is therefore potentially affected by this vulnerability?
One of the main benefits to our customers who choose to use the Azure Linux distro is the commitment to keep it up to date with the most recent and most secure versions of the open source libraries with which the distro is composed. Microsoft is committed to transparency in this work which is why we began publishing CSAF/VEX in October 2025. See this blog post for more information. If impact to additional products is identified, we will update the CVE to reflect this.
Mariner: Mariner
redhat: redhat
Customer Action Required: Yes
Remediation: CBL-Mariner Relea
Suricata
ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS Wavlink firewall.cgi Multiple Parameters Command Injection Attempt (CVE-2025-10963, CVE-2025-10959)
suricata·2025-05-15·CVSS 5.3
CVE-2025-10963 [MEDIUM] ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS Wavlink firewall.cgi Multiple Parameters Command Injection Attempt (CVE-2025-10963, CVE-2025-10959)
ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS Wavlink firewall.cgi Multiple Parameters Command Injection Attempt (CVE-2025-10963, CVE-2025-10959)
Rule: alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ET WEB_SPECIFIC_APPS Wavlink firewall.cgi Multiple Parameters Command Injection Attempt (CVE-2025-10963, CVE-2025-10959)"; flow:established,to_server; http.method; content:"POST"; http.uri; bsize:21; content:"/cgi-bin/firewall.cgi"; fast_pattern; http.request_body; pcre:"/(?:del|dmz)_flag\x3d.*?(?:(?:\x3b|%3[Bb])|(?:\x0a|%0[Aa])|(?:\x60|%60)|(?:\x7c|%7[Cc])|(?:\x24|%24)|(\x26{2}|%26%26))+/"; reference:url,lafdrew.github.io/2025/03/31/Remote-Command-Execution-in-firewall-cgi-of-wavlink-WL-WN579A3-Device/; reference:url,github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/DMZ.md#poc; reference:cve,2025-10963; reference:cve
No public exploits indexed.
No writeups or analysis indexed.
2025-09-25
Published