cbcvebase.
CVE-2025-24054
published 2025-03-11

CVE-2025-24054: External control of file name or path in Windows NTLM allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

PriorityP182medium5.4CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRNUIRSUCLILAN
KEVITWEXPLOIT
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilitydue 2025-05-08
Exploited in the wild
EPSS
58.97%
99.0th percentile
External control of file name or path in Windows NTLM allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

Affected

46 ranges· showing 25
VendorProductVersion rangeFixed in
microsoftwindows_10_1507< 10.0.10240.2094710.0.10240.20947
microsoftwindows_10_1607< 10.0.14393.787610.0.14393.7876
microsoftwindows_10_1809< 10.0.17763.700910.0.17763.7009
microsoftwindows_10_21h2< 10.0.19044.560810.0.19044.5608
microsoftwindows_10_22h2< 10.0.19045.560810.0.19045.5608
microsoftwindows_10_version_1507>= 10.0.10240.0 < 10.0.10240.2094710.0.10240.20947
microsoftwindows_10_version_1607>= 10.0.14393.0 < 10.0.14393.787610.0.14393.7876
microsoftwindows_10_version_1809>= 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.700910.0.17763.7009
microsoftwindows_10_version_21h2>= 10.0.19044.0 < 10.0.19044.560810.0.19044.5608
microsoftwindows_10_version_22h2>= 10.0.19045.0 < 10.0.19045.560810.0.19045.5608
microsoftwindows_11_22h2< 10.0.22621.503910.0.22621.5039
microsoftwindows_11_23h2< 10.0.22631.503910.0.22631.5039
microsoftwindows_11_24h2< 10.0.26100.340310.0.26100.3403
microsoftwindows_11_version_22h2>= 10.0.22621.0 < 10.0.22621.503910.0.22621.5039
microsoftwindows_11_version_22h3>= 10.0.22631.0 < 10.0.22631.503910.0.22631.5039
microsoftwindows_11_version_23h2>= 10.0.22631.0 < 10.0.22631.503910.0.22631.5039
microsoftwindows_11_version_24h2>= 10.0.26100.0 < 10.0.26100.347610.0.26100.3476
microsoftwindows_server_2008
microsoftwindows_server_2008_r2_service_pack_1>= 6.1.7601.0 < 6.1.7601.276186.1.7601.27618
microsoftwindows_server_2012
microsoftwindows_server_2012>= 6.2.9200.0 < 6.2.9200.253686.2.9200.25368
microsoftwindows_server_2012_r2>= 6.3.9600.0 < 6.3.9600.224706.3.9600.22470
microsoftwindows_server_2016< 10.0.14393.787610.0.14393.7876
microsoftwindows_server_2016>= 10.0.14393.0 < 10.0.14393.787610.0.14393.7876
microsoftwindows_server_2019< 10.0.17763.700910.0.17763.7009

Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote

ip159.196.128.120
ip194.127.179.157
ip185.227.82.72
ip45.87.246.40
hash9ca72d969d7c5494a30e996324c6c0fcb72ae1ae
hash84132ae00239e15b50c1a20126000eed29388100
hash76e93c97ffdb5adb509c966bca22e12c4508dcaa
hash7dd0131dd4660be562bc869675772e58a1e3ac8e
hash5e42c6d12f6b51364b6bfb170f4306c5ce608b4f
hash054784f1a398a35e0c5242cbfa164df0c277da73
hash7a43c177a582c777e258246f0ba818f9e73a69ab
filenamexd.library-ms
filenamexd.zip
filenamexd.url
filenamexd.website
filenamexd.lnk
urldocument-file.ru/files/documents/zakupki/MicrosoftWord.exe
command\\159.196.128.120\shared
command\\194.127.179.157\data
path\\ATTACKER_IP\SHARE_NAME
  • CVE-2025-24054 is triggered by .library-ms files embedded in ZIP/RAR archives; Windows Explorer automatically interacts with the file upon extraction, initiating an outbound SMB connection to an attacker-controlled server without requiring the user to open the file.
  • The exploit can also be triggered without an archive: simply downloading a standalone .library-ms file is sufficient to leak NTLMv2 hashes.
  • Minimal user interaction triggers the exploit — selecting (single-clicking), right-clicking, or navigating to the folder containing the malicious file is sufficient; the file does not need to be opened or executed.
  • Monitor for outbound SMB connections (TCP 445) to external/internet-routable IP addresses originating from Windows Explorer or shell processes, especially following file downloads or archive extraction.
  • Malicious .library-ms files embed a UNC path pointing to an attacker-controlled SMB server (e.g., \\ATTACKER_IP\SHARE_NAME); hunt for .library-ms files containing UNC paths to external IPs.
  • Campaigns bundle multiple NTLM hash-leak exploit files (.library-ms, .url, .website, .lnk) in a single archive for redundancy; detection of any one file type in a downloaded archive alongside others should raise suspicion.
  • Phishing lures distributing CVE-2025-24054 exploits used Dropbox download links as the delivery vector; monitor for Dropbox-hosted ZIP archives delivered via email to government and private sector targets.
  • The attacker-controlled server at 185.227.82.72 also hosted the AveMaria/Warzone RAT for distribution; correlate NTLM hash leakage to this IP with subsequent RAT payload delivery.
  • The .url exploit file (CVE-2024-43451) used in the same campaign contains an IconFile UNC path pointing to the attacker's SMB server; detect .url files with IconFile= referencing external UNC paths.
  • The .lnk exploit file targets \\159.196.128.120 as its Target Path; detect .lnk files with Target Path set to a UNC path pointing to an external IP.
  • Exploitation was observed only eight days after the March 2025 Patch Tuesday fix was released; prioritize patching and monitor for NTLMSSP_AUTH messages on SMB traffic to external IPs.
  • Microsoft is blocking .library-ms and .search-ms file types in Outlook Web and New Outlook for Windows starting July 2025; use this as a detection signal — receipt of these file types via email is anomalous and suspicious.
  • ·CVE-2025-24054 and CVE-2025-24071 were initially registered as two separate CVEs but were later consolidated under CVE-2025-24054; tooling or signatures referencing CVE-2025-24071 apply to the same vulnerability.
  • ·Microsoft initially assessed CVE-2025-24054 as 'less likely' to be exploited and did not mark it as actively exploited at patch release; this assessment was incorrect — active exploitation was observed within days.
  • ·One attacker-controlled IP (194.127.179.157) was previously linked to APT28 ('Fancy Bear'), but Check Point notes this alone is insufficient for confident attribution.

CVSS provenance

nvdv3.15.4MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
vulncheck6.5MEDIUM
cisa5.4MEDIUM
vendor_msrc6.5MEDIUM
CVEs like this are exactly what “Exploited This Week” covers.

Every Monday: what got weaponized or added to CISA KEV in the last seven days — each CVE cross-linked to its PoC, Nuclei template, and detection rule. Free, one email a week, unsubscribe in one click.