CVE-2025-37964
published 2025-05-20CVE-2025-37964: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped tl;dr: There is a…
PriorityP420medium5.5CVSS 3.1
AVLACLPRLUINSUCNINAH
EPSS
0.16%
5.9th percentile
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
tl;dr: There is a window in the mm switching code where the new CR3 is
set and the CPU should be getting TLB flushes for the new mm. But
should_flush_tlb() has a bug and suppresses the flush. Fix it by
widening the window where should_flush_tlb() sends an IPI.
Long Version:
=== History ===
There were a few things leading up to this.
First, updating mm_cpumask() was observed to be too expensive, so it was
made lazier. But being lazy caused too many unnecessary IPIs to CPUs
due to the now-lazy mm_cpumask(). So code was added to cull
mm_cpumask() periodically[2]. But that culling was a bit too aggressive
and skipped sending TLB flushes to CPUs that need them. So here we are
again.
=== Problem ===
The too-aggressive code in should_flush_tlb() strikes in this window:
// Turn on IPIs for this CPU/mm combination, but only
// if should_flush_tlb() agrees:
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
next_tlb_gen = atomic64_read(&next->context.tlb_gen);
choose_new_asid(next, next_tlb_gen, &new_asid, &need_flush);
load_new_mm_cr3(need_flush);
// ^ After 'need_flush' is set to false, IPIs *MUST*
// be sent to this CPU and not be ignored.
this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm, next);
// ^ Not until this point does should_flush_tlb()
// become true!
should_flush_tlb() will suppress TLB flushes between load_new_mm_cr3()
and writing to 'loaded_mm', which is a window where they should not be
suppressed. Whoops.
=== Solution ===
Thankfully, the fuzzy "just about to write CR3" window is already marked
with loaded_mm==LOADED_MM_SWITCHING. Simply checking for that state in
should_flush_tlb() is sufficient to ensure that the CPU is targeted with
an IPI.
This will cause more TLB flush IPIs. But the window is relatively small
and I do not expect this to cause any kind of measurable performance
impact.
Update the comment where LOADED_MM_SWIT
Affected
30 ranges· showing 25
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| debian | debian_linux | — | — |
| debian | linux | < linux 6.1.140-1 (bookworm) | linux 6.1.140-1 (bookworm) |
| debian | linux-6.1 | < linux 6.1.140-1 (bookworm) | linux 6.1.140-1 (bookworm) |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | >= 3dbe889a1b829b4c07e0836ff853fe649e51ce4f < d87392094f96e162fa5fa5a8640d70cc0952806f | d87392094f96e162fa5fa5a8640d70cc0952806f |
| linux | linux | >= 5.15.179 < 5.15.183 | 5.15.183 |
| linux | linux | >= 6.1.129 < 6.1.139 | 6.1.139 |
| linux | linux | >= 6.12.16 < 6.12.29 | 6.12.29 |
| linux | linux | >= 6.13.4 < 6.14 | 6.14 |
| linux | linux | >= 6.6.79 < 6.6.91 | 6.6.91 |
| linux | linux | >= 6db2526c1d694c91c6e05e2f186c085e9460f202 < 399ec9ca8fc4999e676ff89a90184ec40031cf59 | 399ec9ca8fc4999e676ff89a90184ec40031cf59 |
| linux | linux | >= 6db2526c1d694c91c6e05e2f186c085e9460f202 < fea4e317f9e7e1f449ce90dedc27a2d2a95bee5a | fea4e317f9e7e1f449ce90dedc27a2d2a95bee5a |
| linux | linux | >= 848b5815177582de0e1d0118725378e0fbadca20 < 12f703811af043d32b1c8a30001b2fa04d5cd0ac | 12f703811af043d32b1c8a30001b2fa04d5cd0ac |
| linux | linux | >= a04fe3bfc71e28009e20357b79df1e8ef7c9d600 < d41072906abec8bb8e01ed16afefbaa558908c89 | d41072906abec8bb8e01ed16afefbaa558908c89 |
| linux | linux | >= b47002ed65ade940839b7f439ff4a194e7d5ec28 < 02ad4ce144bd27f71f583f667fdf3b3ba0753477 | 02ad4ce144bd27f71f583f667fdf3b3ba0753477 |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.1.140-1 | 6.1.140-1 |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.12.29-1 | 6.12.29-1 |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.12.29-1 | 6.12.29-1 |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 5.15.0-144.157 | 5.15.0-144.157 |
CVSS provenance
nvdv3.15.5MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
osv8.8HIGH
vendor_ubuntu8.8HIGH
vendor_debian5.5MEDIUM
vendor_redhat5.5MEDIUM
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CVE-2025-37964 [MEDIUM] CWE-821 kernel: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
kernel: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
tl;dr: There is a window in the mm switching code where the new CR3 is
set and the CPU should be getting TLB flushes for the new mm. But
should_flush_tlb() has a bug and suppresses the flush. Fix it by
widening the window where should_flush_tlb() sends an IPI.
Long Version:
=== History ===
There were a few things leading up to this.
First, updating mm_cpumask() was observed to be too expensive, so it was
made lazier. But being lazy caused too many unnecessary IPIs to CPUs
due to the now-lazy mm_cpumask(). So code was added to cull
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CVE-2025-37964: linux - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eli...
vendor_debian·2025·CVSS 5.5
CVE-2025-37964 [MEDIUM] CVE-2025-37964: linux - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eli...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped tl;dr: There is a window in the mm switching code where the new CR3 is set and the CPU should be getting TLB flushes for the new mm. But should_flush_tlb() has a bug and suppresses the flush. Fix it by widening the window where should_flush_tlb() sends an IPI. Long Version: === History === There were a few things leading up to this. First, updating mm_cpumask() was observed to be too expensive, so it was made lazier. But being lazy caused too many unnecessary IPIs to CPUs due to the now-lazy mm_cpumask(). So code was added to cull mm_cpumask() periodically[2]. But that culling was a bit too aggressive and skipped sending TLB flushes to CPUs that need t
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- DMA engine subsystem;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- IIO ADC drivers;
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- InfiniBand drivers;
- Input Device core drivers;
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- Mellanox network drivers;
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An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- IIO ADC drivers;
- IIO subsystem;
- InfiniBand drivers;
- Input Device core drivers;
- Network drivers;
- Mellanox network drivers;
- PHY drivers;
- Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
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An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- ARM SCMI message protocol;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- HSI subsystem;
- I2C subsystem;
- I3C subsystem;
- IIO subsystem;
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linux-xilinx-zynqmp vulnerabilities
osv·2025-07-29
linux-xilinx-zynqmp vulnerabilities
linux-xilinx-zynqmp vulnerabilities
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- ARM SCMI message protocol;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- HSI subsystem;
- I2C subsystem;
- I3C subsystem;
- IIO subsystem;
- InfiniBand drivers;
- IOMMU subsystem;
- IRQ chip drivers;
- MCB driver;
- Multiple devices driver;
- Media drivers;
- Multifunction device drivers;
- PCI E
OSV
linux-kvm vulnerabilities
osv·2025-07-22
linux-kvm vulnerabilities
linux-kvm vulnerabilities
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- ARM SCMI message protocol;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- HSI subsystem;
- I2C subsystem;
- I3C subsystem;
- IIO subsystem;
- InfiniBand drivers;
- IOMMU subsystem;
- IRQ chip drivers;
- MCB driver;
- Multiple devices driver;
- Media drivers;
- Multifunction device drivers;
- PCI Endpoint Te
OSV
linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.15, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.15, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-5.15, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-5.15, linux-intel-iotg, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15, linux-nvi
osv·2025-07-18
linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.15, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.15, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-5.15, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-5.15, linux-intel-iotg, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15, linux-nvi
linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.15, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.15, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-5.15, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-5.15, linux-intel-iotg, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15, linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-tegra, linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15, linux-nvidia-tegra-igx, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-5.15 vulnerabilities
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
-
OSV
linux-intel-iot-realtime, linux-realtime vulnerabilities
osv·2025-07-18
linux-intel-iot-realtime, linux-realtime vulnerabilities
linux-intel-iot-realtime, linux-realtime vulnerabilities
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- ARM SCMI message protocol;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- HSI subsystem;
- I2C subsystem;
- I3C subsystem;
- IIO subsystem;
- InfiniBand drivers;
- IOMMU subsystem;
- IRQ chip drivers;
- MCB driver;
- Multiple devices driver;
- Media drivers;
- Multifunction de
OSV
linux-aws-fips, linux-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
osv·2025-07-18
linux-aws-fips, linux-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
linux-aws-fips, linux-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Cryptographic API;
- Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers;
- Bluetooth drivers;
- Bus devices;
- CPU frequency scaling framework;
- Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
- DMA engine subsystem;
- ARM SCMI message protocol;
- GPU drivers;
- HID subsystem;
- HSI subsystem;
- I2C subsystem;
- I3C subsystem;
- IIO subsystem;
- InfiniBand drivers;
- IOMMU subsystem;
- IRQ chip drivers;
- MCB driver;
- Multiple devices driver;
- Media drivers;
- Multifunction
OSV
linux-intel-iotg-5.15 vulnerabilities
osv·2025-07-18·CVSS 8.8
CVE-2024-8805 [HIGH] linux-intel-iotg-5.15 vulnerabilities
linux-intel-iotg-5.15 vulnerabilities
Michael Randrianantenaina discovered that the Bluetooth driver in the Linux
Kernel contained an improper access control vulnerability. A nearby
attacker could use this to connect a rougue device and possibly execute
arbitrary code. (CVE-2024-8805)
It was discovered that the CIFS network file system implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly verify the target namespace when handling
upcalls. An attacker could use this to expose sensitive information.
(CVE-2025-2312)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- PA-RISC architecture;
- PowerPC architecture;
- x86 architecture;
- Block layer subsystem;
- Crypt
OSV
CVE-2025-37964: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped tl;dr: The
osv·2025-05-20·CVSS 5.5
CVE-2025-37964 [MEDIUM] CVE-2025-37964: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped tl;dr: The
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped tl;dr: There is a window in the mm switching code where the new CR3 is set and the CPU should be getting TLB flushes for the new mm. But should_flush_tlb() has a bug and suppresses the flush. Fix it by widening the window where should_flush_tlb() sends an IPI. Long Version: === History === There were a few things leading up to this. First, updating mm_cpumask() was observed to be too expensive, so it was made lazier. But being lazy caused too many unnecessary IPIs to CPUs due to the now-lazy mm_cpumask(). So code was added to cull mm_cpumask() periodically[2]. But that culling was a bit too aggressive and skipped sending TLB flushes to CPUs that need t
GHSA
GHSA-xxw2-vx44-7cv6: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
tl;dr: T
ghsa_unreviewed·2025-05-20
CVE-2025-37964 [MEDIUM] GHSA-xxw2-vx44-7cv6: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
tl;dr: T
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
tl;dr: There is a window in the mm switching code where the new CR3 is
set and the CPU should be getting TLB flushes for the new mm. But
should_flush_tlb() has a bug and suppresses the flush. Fix it by
widening the window where should_flush_tlb() sends an IPI.
Long Version:
=== History ===
There were a few things leading up to this.
First, updating mm_cpumask() was observed to be too expensive, so it was
made lazier. But being lazy caused too many unnecessary IPIs to CPUs
due to the now-lazy mm_cpumask(). So code was added to cull
mm_cpumask() periodically[2]. But that culling was a bit too aggressive
and skipped sending TLB flushes to CPUs that
No detection rules found.
No public exploits indexed.
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02ad4ce144bd27f71f583f667fdf3b3ba0753477https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12f703811af043d32b1c8a30001b2fa04d5cd0achttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399ec9ca8fc4999e676ff89a90184ec40031cf59https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d41072906abec8bb8e01ed16afefbaa558908c89https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d87392094f96e162fa5fa5a8640d70cc0952806fhttps://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fea4e317f9e7e1f449ce90dedc27a2d2a95bee5ahttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.htmlhttps://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
2025-05-20
Published