CVE-2025-39961
published 2025-10-09CVE-2025-39961: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level The AMD IOMMU host page…
PriorityP419medium4.7CVSS 3.1
AVLACHPRLUINSUCNINAH
EPSS
0.11%
1.3th percentile
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels
(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on
IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level
to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.
The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its
exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based
on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU
driver increases page table level.
But in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads
pgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So its possible that in exteme corner case,
when increase_address_space() is updating pgtable->[root/mode], fetch_pte()
reads wrong page table level (pgtable->mode). It does compare the value with
level encoded in page table and returns NULL. This will result is
iommu_unmap ops to fail and upper layer may retry/log WARN_ON.
CPU 0 CPU 1
------ ------
map pages unmap pages
alloc_pte() -> increase_address_space() iommu_v1_unmap_pages() -> fetch_pte()
pgtable->root = pte (new root value)
READ pgtable->[mode/root]
Reads new root, old mode
Updates mode (pgtable->mode += 1)
Since Page table level updates are infrequent and already synchronized with a
spinlock, implement seqcount to enable lock-free read operations on the read path.
Affected
35 ranges· showing 25
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| debian | linux | < linux 6.16.9-1 (forky) | linux 6.16.9-1 (forky) |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | — | — |
| linux | linux | >= 4.14.146 < 4.15 | 4.15 |
| linux | linux | >= 4.19.75 < 4.20 | 4.20 |
| linux | linux | >= 4.9.194 < 4.10 | 4.10 |
| linux | linux | >= 5.2.17 < 5.3 | 5.3 |
| linux | linux | >= 754265bcab78a9014f0f99cd35e0d610fcd7dfa7 < 075abf0b1a958acfbea2435003d228e738e90346 | 075abf0b1a958acfbea2435003d228e738e90346 |
| linux | linux | >= 754265bcab78a9014f0f99cd35e0d610fcd7dfa7 < cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b | cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b |
| linux | linux | >= 754265bcab78a9014f0f99cd35e0d610fcd7dfa7 < 7d462bdecb7d9c32934dab44aaeb7ea7d73a27a2 | 7d462bdecb7d9c32934dab44aaeb7ea7d73a27a2 |
| linux | linux | >= 754265bcab78a9014f0f99cd35e0d610fcd7dfa7 < 1e56310b40fd2e7e0b9493da9ff488af145bdd0c | 1e56310b40fd2e7e0b9493da9ff488af145bdd0c |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | — | — |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.12.57-1 | 6.12.57-1 |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.16.9-1 | 6.16.9-1 |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 0 < 6.8.0-106.106 | 6.8.0-106.106 |
CVSS provenance
nvdv3.14.7MEDIUMCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
osv4.7MEDIUM
vendor_ubuntu7.8HIGH
vendor_msrc5.8MEDIUM
vendor_debian4.7MEDIUM
vendor_redhat4.7MEDIUM
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Ubuntu
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vendor_ubuntu·2026-05-07·CVSS 6.4
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Josh Eads, Kristoffer Janke, Eduardo Vela Nava, Tavis Ormandy, and Matteo
Rizzo discovered that some AMD Zen processors did not properly verify the
signature of CPU microcode. This flaw is known as EntrySign. A privileged
attacker could possibly use this issue to cause load malicious CPU
microcode causing loss of integrity and confidentiality. (CVE-2024-36347)
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation,
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (Azure FIPS) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-04-09·CVSS 7.8
CVE-2025-21833 [HIGH] Linux kernel (Azure FIPS) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (Azure FIPS) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853, CVE-2026-23268, CVE-2026-23269, CVE-2026-23403,
CVE-2026-23404, CVE-2026-23405, CVE-2026-23406, CVE-2026-23407,
CVE-2026-23408, CVE-2026-23409, CVE-2026-23410, CVE-2026-23411)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (Raspberry Pi) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-04-01
CVE-2025-40301 Linux kernel (Raspberry Pi) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (Raspberry Pi) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architect
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-25·CVSS 3.2
CVE-2025-40068 [LOW] Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
It was discovered that improper initialization of CPU cache memory could
allow a local attacker with hypervisor access to overwrite SEV-SNP guest
memory resulting in loss of data integrity. (CVE-2024-36331)
Oleksii Oleksenko, Cedric Fournet, Jana Hofmann, Boris Köpf, Stavros Volos,
and Flavien Solt discovered that
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-25
CVE-2025-40245 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
-
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (AWS) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-23
CVE-2025-40068 Linux kernel (AWS) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (AWS) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Su
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-17
CVE-2025-40245 Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (FIPS) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-16
CVE-2025-40068 Linux kernel (FIPS) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (FIPS) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- S
Ubuntu
Linux kernel (NVIDIA) vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-16
CVE-2025-40245 Linux kernel (NVIDIA) vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel (NVIDIA) vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
-
Ubuntu
Linux kernel vulnerabilities
vendor_ubuntu·2026-03-16
CVE-2025-39981 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Title: Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Summary: Several security issues were fixed in the Linux kernel.
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Spar
Microsoft
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
vendor_msrc·2025-10-14·CVSS 5.8
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
FAQ: Is Azure Linux the only Microsoft product that includes this open-source library and is therefore potentially affected by this vulnerability?
One of the main benefits to our customers who choose to use the Azure Linux distro is the commitment to keep it up to date with the most recent and most secure versions of the open source libraries with which the distro is composed. Microsoft is committed to transparency in this work which is why we began publishing CSAF/VEX in October 2025. See this blog post for more information. If impact to additional products is identified, we will update the CVE to reflect this.
Mariner: Mariner
Linux: Linux
Customer Action Required: Yes
Remediation: CBL-Mariner Releases
Reference: ht
Red Hat
kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
vendor_redhat·2025-10-09·CVSS 4.7
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels
(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on
IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level
to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.
The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its
exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based
on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU
driver increases page table level.
But in unmap path (iommu
Debian
CVE-2025-39961: linux - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/p...
vendor_debian·2025·CVSS 4.7
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] CVE-2025-39961: linux - In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/p...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels (up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations. The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU driver increases page table level. But in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads pgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So
OSV
linux-raspi, linux-raspi-realtime vulnerabilities
osv·2026-04-01
linux-raspi, linux-raspi-realtime vulnerabilities
linux-raspi, linux-raspi-realtime vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Linux (UML);
- x86 archi
OSV
linux-azure-6.8 vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-25·CVSS 3.2
[LOW] linux-azure-6.8 vulnerabilities
linux-azure-6.8 vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
It was discovered that improper initialization of CPU cache memory could
allow a local attacker with hypervisor access to overwrite SEV-SNP guest
memory resulting in loss of data integrity. (CVE-2024-36331)
Oleksii Oleksenko, Cedric Fournet, Jana Hofmann, Boris Köpf, Stavros Volos,
and Flavien Solt discovered that some AMD processors may allow an attacker
to infer data from previous stores,
OSV
linux-azure vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-25
linux-azure vulnerabilities
linux-azure vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Linux (UML);
- x86 architecture;
- Xtensa arch
OSV
linux-aws-6.8 vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-23
linux-aws-6.8 vulnerabilities
linux-aws-6.8 vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Linux (UML);
- x86 architecture;
- Xtensa ar
OSV
linux-realtime, linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-17
linux-realtime, linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities
linux-realtime, linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Linux (UML);
- x86 arch
OSV
linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-6.8, linux-nvidia-lowlatency vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-16
linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-6.8, linux-nvidia-lowlatency vulnerabilities
linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-6.8, linux-nvidia-lowlatency vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Li
OSV
linux-fips, linux-aws-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-16
linux-fips, linux-aws-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
linux-fips, linux-aws-fips, linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Nios II architecture;
- PA-RISC architecture;
- RISC-V architecture;
- S390 architecture;
- Sun Sparc architecture;
- User-Mode Linux (UML);
-
OSV
linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-6.8, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-6.8, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-6.8, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-6.8 vulnerabilities
osv·2026-03-16
linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-6.8, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-6.8, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-6.8, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-6.8 vulnerabilities
linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-6.8, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-6.8, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-6.8, linux-lowlatency, linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-6.8 vulnerabilities
Qualys discovered that several vulnerabilities existed in the AppArmor
Linux kernel Security Module (LSM). An unprivileged local attacker could
use these issues to load, replace, and remove arbitrary AppArmor profiles
causing denial of service, exposure of sensitive information (kernel
memory), local privilege escalation, or possibly escape a container.
(LP: #2143853)
Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel.
An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system.
This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:
- ARM64 architecture;
- MIPS architecture;
- Ni
GHSA
GHSA-cq2w-q6m3-mhw9: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU
ghsa_unreviewed·2025-10-09
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] CWE-362 GHSA-cq2w-q6m3-mhw9: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels
(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on
IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level
to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.
The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its
exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based
on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU
driver increases page table level.
But in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads
pgtable->[root/mode] without lock.
OSV
CVE-2025-39961: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level The AMD IOMMU h
osv·2025-10-09·CVSS 4.7
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] CVE-2025-39961: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level The AMD IOMMU h
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels (up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations. The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU driver increases page table level. But in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads pgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So
No detection rules found.
No public exploits indexed.
Bugzilla
CVE-2025-39961 kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
bugzilla·2025-10-09·CVSS 4.7
CVE-2025-39961 [MEDIUM] CVE-2025-39961 kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
CVE-2025-39961 kernel: iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels
(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on
IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level
to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.
The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its
exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based
on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU
driver increases page table level.
But i
Bleepingcomputer
Microsoft October 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 6 zero-days, 172 flaws
blogs_bleepingcomputer·2025-10-14·CVSS 7.8
[HIGH] Microsoft October 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 6 zero-days, 172 flaws
## Microsoft October 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 6 zero-days, 172 flaws
## Lawrence Abrams
80 Elevation of Privilege Vulnerabilities
11 Security Feature Bypass Vulnerabilities
31 Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
28 Information Disclosure Vulnerabilities
11 Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
10 Spoofing Vulnerabilities
When BleepingComputer reports on the Patch Tuesday security updates, we only count those released today by Microsoft. Therefore, the number of flaws does not include those fixed in Azure, Mariner, Microsoft Edge, and other vulnerabilities earlier this month.
Notably, Windows 10 reaches the end of support today , with this being the last Patch Tuesday where Microsoft provides free security updates to the venerable operating system.
To continue receiving security upd
2025-10-09
Published