CVE-2025-47981
published 2025-07-08CVE-2025-47981: Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
PriorityP271critical9.8CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRNUINSUCHIHAH
EPSS
21.88%
97.4th percentile
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Affected
46 ranges· showing 25
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| microsoft | windows_10_1507 | < 10.0.10240.21073 | 10.0.10240.21073 |
| microsoft | windows_10_1607 | < 10.0.14393.8246 | 10.0.14393.8246 |
| microsoft | windows_10_1809 | < 10.0.17763.7558 | 10.0.17763.7558 |
| microsoft | windows_10_21h2 | < 10.0.19044.6093 | 10.0.19044.6093 |
| microsoft | windows_10_22h2 | < 10.0.19045.6093 | 10.0.19045.6093 |
| microsoft | windows_10_version_1507 | >= 10.0.10240.0 < 10.0.10240.21073 | 10.0.10240.21073 |
| microsoft | windows_10_version_1607 | >= 10.0.14393.0 < 10.0.14393.8246 | 10.0.14393.8246 |
| microsoft | windows_10_version_1809 | >= 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.7558 | 10.0.17763.7558 |
| microsoft | windows_10_version_21h2 | >= 10.0.19044.0 < 10.0.19044.6093 | 10.0.19044.6093 |
| microsoft | windows_10_version_22h2 | >= 10.0.19045.0 < 10.0.19045.6093 | 10.0.19045.6093 |
| microsoft | windows_11_22h2 | < 10.0.22621.5624 | 10.0.22621.5624 |
| microsoft | windows_11_23h2 | < 10.0.22631.5624 | 10.0.22631.5624 |
| microsoft | windows_11_24h2 | < 10.0.26100.4652 | 10.0.26100.4652 |
| microsoft | windows_11_version_22h2 | >= 10.0.22621.0 < 10.0.22621.5624 | 10.0.22621.5624 |
| microsoft | windows_11_version_22h3 | >= 10.0.22631.0 < 10.0.22631.5624 | 10.0.22631.5624 |
| microsoft | windows_11_version_23h2 | >= 10.0.22631.0 < 10.0.22631.5624 | 10.0.22631.5624 |
| microsoft | windows_11_version_24h2 | >= 10.0.26100.0 < 10.0.26100.4652 | 10.0.26100.4652 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2008 | — | — |
| microsoft | windows_server_2008_r2_service_pack_1 | >= 6.1.7601.0 < 6.1.7601.27820 | 6.1.7601.27820 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2012 | — | — |
| microsoft | windows_server_2012 | >= 6.2.9200.0 < 6.2.9200.25573 | 6.2.9200.25573 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2012_r2 | >= 6.3.9600.0 < 6.3.9600.22676 | 6.3.9600.22676 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2016 | < 10.0.14393.8246 | 10.0.14393.8246 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2016 | >= 10.0.14393.0 < 10.0.14393.8246 | 10.0.14393.8246 |
| microsoft | windows_server_2019 | < 10.0.17763.7558 | 10.0.17763.7558 |
Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote
- →Exploit vector is a malicious NEGOEX/SPNEGO message sent over the network to a target server; monitor for anomalous SPNEGO Extended Negotiation (NEGOEX) traffic, especially malformed or oversized negotiation tokens that could trigger a heap-based buffer overflow. ↗
- →The vulnerability is exploitable on Windows client machines where the GPO 'Network security: Allow PKU2U authentication requests to this computer to use online identities' is enabled (default on Windows 10 1607+). Audit and monitor PKU2U authentication activity as a detection pivot. ↗
- ·The GPO 'Network security: Allow PKU2U authentication requests to this computer to use online identities' is enabled by default on Windows 10 version 1607 and above, making those systems vulnerable by default. Disabling this GPO can serve as a mitigation where patching is not immediately possible. ↗
- ·Exploitation is rated 'More Likely' by Microsoft for the latest software release, despite no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation at time of disclosure. Prioritize patching accordingly. ↗
CVSS provenance
nvdv3.19.8CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vendor_msrc9.8CRITICAL
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Microsoft
SPNEGO Extended Negotiation (NEGOEX) Security Mechanism Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
vendor_msrc·2025-07-08·CVSS 9.8
CVE-2025-47981 [CRITICAL] CWE-122 SPNEGO Extended Negotiation (NEGOEX) Security Mechanism Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
SPNEGO Extended Negotiation (NEGOEX) Security Mechanism Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Description: Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
FAQ: How could an attacker exploit the vulnerability?
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious message to the server, potentially leading to remote code execution.
FAQ: What is SPNEGO Extended Negotiation?
The SPNEGO Extended Negotiation Security Mechanism (NEGOEX) extends Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism (SPNEGO) described in [RFC4178]. Please see SPNEGO Overview for more information.
Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation: Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation
Microsoft: Microsoft
Customer Action Required: Yes
GHSA
GHSA-75vh-4rgj-m3j3: Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network
ghsa_unreviewed·2025-07-08
CVE-2025-47981 [CRITICAL] CWE-122 GHSA-75vh-4rgj-m3j3: Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
No detection rules found.
No public exploits indexed.
Krebs
Microsoft Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Edition
blogs_krebs·2025-07-09·CVSS 9.8
CVE-2025-49719 [CRITICAL] Microsoft Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Edition
Microsoft today released updates to fix at least 137 security vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and supported software. None of the weaknesses addressed this month are known to be actively exploited, but 14 of the flaws earned Microsoft’s most-dire “critical” rating, meaning they could be exploited to seize control over vulnerable Windows PCs with little or no help from users.
While not listed as critical, CVE-2025-49719 is a publicly disclosed information disclosure vulnerability, with all versions as far back as SQL Server 2016 receiving patches. Microsoft rates CVE-2025-49719 as less likely to be exploited, but the availability of proof-of-concept code for this flaw means its patch should probably be a priority for affected enterprises.
Mike Walters , co-founder of Acti
Qualys
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Security Update Review | Qualys
blogs_qualys·2025-07-08
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Security Update Review | Qualys
#### Table of Contents
- Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025
- Adobe Patches for July 2025
- Zero-day Vulnerability Patched in July Patch Tuesday Edition
- Critical Severity Vulnerabilities Patched in July Patch Tuesday Edition
- Other Microsoft Vulnerability Highlights
- Microsoft Release Summary
- Discover and Prioritize Vulnerabilities inVulnerability Management, Detection & Response (VMDR)
- Rapid Response withPatch Management (PM)
- EVALUATE Vendor-Suggested Mitigation with Policy Audit
- Microsoft July 2025 Patch Tuesday Mitigations
- Qualys Monthly Webinar Series
With cybersecurity threats continuing to evolve, Microsoft’s July 2025 Patch Tuesday highlights the need for consistent patching — this month’s release includes key fixes for actively exploited vulnerabilities. Here’s a
Talos
Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
blogs_talos·2025-07-08·CVSS 8.4
[HIGH] Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
Microsoft has released its monthly security update for July 2025, which includes 132 vulnerabilities affecting a range of products, including 14 that Microsoft marked as “critical.”
In this month's release, Microsoft observed none of the included vulnerabilities being actively exploited in the wild. Out of 14 "critical" entries, 11 are remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows services and applications including KDC Proxy service, Microsoft Office and SharePoint server.
CVE-2025-49735 is an RCE vulnerability in Windows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) given a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.1. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an unauthenticated attacker could use a specially-crafted application to leverage a cryptographic protocol vulnerability in KPSSVC to perform RCE ag
Talos
Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
blogs_talos·2025-07-08·CVSS 8.4
[HIGH] Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
## Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
Microsoft has released its monthly security update for July 2025, which includes 132 vulnerabilities affecting a range of products, including 14 that Microsoft marked as “critical.”
In this month's release, Microsoft observed none of the included vulnerabilities being actively exploited in the wild. Out of 14 "critical" entries, 11 are remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows services and applications including KDC Proxy service, Microsoft Office and SharePoint server.
CVE-2025-49735 is an RCE vulnerability in Windows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) given a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.1. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an unauthenticated attacker could use a specially-crafted appl
Tenable
Microsoft’s July 2025 Patch Tuesday Addresses 128 CVEs (CVE-2025-49719)
blogs_tenable·2025-07-08·CVSS 7.5
[HIGH] Microsoft’s July 2025 Patch Tuesday Addresses 128 CVEs (CVE-2025-49719)
## Cloud Exposure
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## Vulnerability Exposure
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## AI Exposure
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## OT/IoT Exposure
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## Identity Exposure
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## Business needs
Active Directory
AI Security Posture Management (AI-SPM)
AWS security
Azure security
Cloud Security Posture Man
Qualys
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Security Update Review
blogs_qualys·2025-07-08
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Security Update Review
## Table of Contents
Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025
Adobe Patches for July 2025
Zero-day Vulnerability Patched in July Patch Tuesday Edition
Critical Severity Vulnerabilities Patched in July Patch Tuesday Edition
Other Microsoft Vulnerability Highlights
Microsoft Release Summary
Discover and Prioritize Vulnerabilities inVulnerability Management, Detection & Response (VMDR)
Rapid Response withPatch Management (PM)
EVALUATE Vendor-Suggested Mitigation with Policy Audit
Microsoft July 2025 Patch Tuesday Mitigations
Qualys Monthly Webinar Series
With cybersecurity threats continuing to evolve, Microsoft’s July 2025 Patch Tuesday highlights the need for consistent patching — this month’s release includes key fixes for actively exploited vulnerabilities. Here’s a quick breakdo
Krebs
Microsoft Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Edition
blogs_krebs·2025-07-08·CVSS 9.8
CVE-2025-49719 [CRITICAL] Microsoft Patch Tuesday, July 2025 Edition
Microsoft today released updates to fix at least 137 security vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and supported software. None of the weaknesses addressed this month are known to be actively exploited, but 14 of the flaws earned Microsoft’s most-dire “critical” rating, meaning they could be exploited to seize control over vulnerable Windows PCs with little or no help from users.
While not listed as critical, CVE-2025-49719 is a publicly disclosed information disclosure vulnerability, with all versions as far back as SQL Server 2016 receiving patches. Microsoft rates CVE-2025-49719 as less likely to be exploited, but the availability of proof-of-concept code for this flaw means its patch should probably be a priority for affected enterprises.
Mike Walters, co-founder of Actio
Crowdstrike
July 2025 Patch Tuesday: Updates and Analysis
blogs_crowdstrike·CVSS 7.5
CVE-2026-20929 [HIGH] July 2025 Patch Tuesday: Updates and Analysis
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Helping Non-Security Stakeholders Understand ATT&CK in 10 Minutes or Less [VI
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47981https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-detection-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiationhttps://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-mitigation-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiation
2025-07-08
Published