cbcvebase.
CVE-2025-49113
published 2025-06-02

CVE-2025-49113: Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not…

PriorityP195high8.8CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRLUINSUCHIHAH
KEVITWEXPLOITInitial access
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilitydue 2026-03-13
Exploited in the wild
EPSS
96.78%
99.9th percentile
Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP Object Deserialization.

Affected

6 ranges
VendorProductVersion rangeFixed in
debiandebian_linux
debianroundcube< roundcube 1.6.5+dfsg-1+deb12u5 (bookworm)roundcube 1.6.5+dfsg-1+deb12u5 (bookworm)
roundcuberoundcubemail>= 0 < 1.5.101.5.10
roundcuberoundcubemail>= 1.6.0 < 1.6.111.6.11
roundcubewebmail< 1.5.101.5.10
roundcubewebmail>= 1.6.0 < 1.6.111.6.11

Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote

pathprogram/actions/settings/upload.php
pathplugins/newmail_notifier/mail_preview.php
command?_task=settings&_remote=1&_from=edit-!<from>&_id=<id>&_uploadid=<uploadid>&_action=upload
  • Monitor HTTP requests to Roundcube's upload action where the `_from` GET parameter begins with `!` (exclamation mark), which triggers session corruption and PHP object deserialization.
  • Detect POST requests to Roundcube containing multipart upload data with a `_from` parameter value starting with `edit-!` in the query string, which is the exploit trigger pattern used in the Metasploit module.
  • Check for the presence of the SquareShell web shell at `plugins/newmail_notifier/mail_preview.php` on Roundcube servers, which should not normally exist.
  • Monitor for IceCube JavaScript malware behavior: HTTP POST requests exfiltrating browser credentials/cookies/2FA tokens to external C2, followed by CSRF-token-authenticated POST requests to the Roundcube upload endpoint.
  • Detect SNOWLIGHT ELF loader execution on Roundcube server hosts; it fetches architecture-compatible payloads and has been linked to Chinese threat clusters including UNC5174.
  • Alert on VShell (Go-based RAT) process execution on Roundcube mail servers; it provides Cobalt Strike-like post-compromise capabilities and has been used by multiple China-aligned threat actors.
  • Roundcube versions 1.1.0 through 1.6.10 are vulnerable; flag any internet-exposed instances running these versions as high-priority targets, especially in government, education, and hosting environments.
  • Attackers weaponized the patch within 48 hours of release and sold exploits on underground forums; treat any Roundcube instance not yet patched to 1.5.10 or 1.6.11 as actively at risk.
  • ·Exploitation requires authentication; however, attackers claim credentials can be obtained via CSRF, log scraping, or brute force — meaning authentication is not a reliable barrier.
  • ·The IceCube JavaScript payload destroys server-side sessions and forensic evidence upon completion or timeout, making post-compromise detection significantly harder.
  • ·The Metasploit module notes IOC_IN_LOGS as a side effect, meaning exploit attempts will leave traces in web server logs — defenders should actively monitor upload endpoint access logs.
  • ·CVE-2025-48745 is a rejected duplicate candidate for CVE-2025-49113; detection rules or threat intel referencing CVE-2025-48745 should be mapped to CVE-2025-49113.

CVSS provenance

nvdv3.18.8HIGHCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
osv8.8HIGH
vulncheck9.9CRITICAL
cisa8.8HIGH
vendor_debian9.9CRITICAL
vendor_redhat9.9CRITICAL
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