CVE-2025-59144
published 2025-09-15CVE-2025-59144: debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was…
PriorityP351high8.8CVSS 4.0
AVNACLATNPRNUINVCLVIHVANSCNSINSANEACRXIRXARXMAVXMACXMATXMPRXMUIXMVCXMVIXMVAXMSCXMSIXMSAXSXAUXRXVXREXURed
EPSS
0.38%
30.5th percentile
debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets such as MetaMask. npm removed the offending package from the registry over the course of the day on 8 September, preventing further downloads from npm proper. On 13 September, the package owner published new patch versions to help cache-bust those using private registries who might still have the compromised version cached. Users should upgrade to the latest patch version, completely remove their node_modules directory, clean their package manager's global cache, and rebuild any browser bundles from scratch. Those operating private registries or registry mirrors should purge the offending versions from any caches. This issue has been resolved in 4.4.3.
Affected
2 ranges
| Vendor | Product | Version range | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| debug-js | debug | — | — |
| debug_project | debug | >= 4.4.2 < 4.4.3 | 4.4.3 |
CVSS provenance
nvdv4.08.8HIGHCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red
vendor_redhat8.8HIGH
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OSV
[email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
osv·2025-09-15
CVE-2025-59144 [HIGH] [email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
[email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
### Impact
On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for `debug` was taken over after a phishing attack. Version `4.4.2` was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments.
Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct `` inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt.
The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets suc
GHSA
[email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
ghsa·2025-09-15
CVE-2025-59144 [HIGH] CWE-506 [email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
[email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
### Impact
On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for `debug` was taken over after a phishing attack. Version `4.4.2` was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments.
Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct `` inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt.
The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets suc
Red Hat
debug: [email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
vendor_redhat·2025-09-15·CVSS 8.8
CVE-2025-59144 [HIGH] CWE-506 debug: [email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
debug: [email protected] contains malware after npm account takeover
debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency
No detection rules found.
No public exploits indexed.
https://github.com/debug-js/debug/issues/1005https://github.com/debug-js/debug/security/advisories/GHSA-4x49-vf9v-38pxhttps://socket.dev/blog/npm-author-qix-compromised-in-major-supply-chain-attackhttps://www.aikido.dev/blog/npm-debug-and-chalk-packages-compromisedhttps://www.ox.security/blog/npm-packages-compromised
2025-09-15
Published