cbcvebase.
CVE-2026-49952
published 2026-06-15

CVE-2026-49952: Discuz! X5.0 releases 20260320 through 20260501 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to gain…

PriorityP277critical9.1CVSS 3.1
AVNACLPRNUINSUCHIHAN
EXPLOIT
EPSS
4.72%
91.2th percentile
Discuz! X5.0 releases 20260320 through 20260501 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to database backup and restore functionality by exploiting a shared cryptographic key between UCenter integration and the database backup API exposed by dbbak.php. Attackers can inject a crafted payload through the username parameter during login to abuse the encryption oracle in logging_ctl::logging_more(), obtain a legitimately signed token, and use it to bypass authorization for database export and import operations, with the additional ability to trigger a race condition to impersonate arbitrary users.

Affected

1 ranges
VendorProductVersion rangeFixed in
discuz!discuz!_x5.020260320 – 20260501

Detection & IOCsextracted from sources · hover to see the quote

path/api/db/dbbak.php
path/member.php?mod=logging&action=login&lssubmit=yes
path/api/db/dbbak.php?code={authcode}&operation=backup&appid=1
filenamedbbak.php
  • Monitor POST requests to /member.php?mod=logging&action=login&lssubmit=yes where the 'username' parameter contains pipe-delimited values (e.g., 'admin|1|0|0') indicative of the encryption oracle abuse payload.
  • Alert on GET requests to /api/db/dbbak.php with query parameters 'code=', 'operation=backup', and 'appid=1', especially from unauthenticated or previously unauthenticated sessions.
  • Detect token reuse: flag cases where an authcode extracted from a login response is immediately reused in a dbbak.php request within the same session or short time window.
  • Look for HTTP 200 responses to /api/db/dbbak.php from unauthenticated clients — successful exploitation returns HTTP 200 with database backup content.
  • Inspect login responses for embedded authcode tokens (alphanumeric strings 32–60 characters) in the response body, which should not normally appear in failed or unauthenticated login responses.
  • Flag race condition exploitation attempts: rapid repeated requests to /api/db/dbbak.php with the same authcode token targeting different user contexts (user impersonation via race condition).
  • ·The vulnerability exploits a SHARED cryptographic key (UC_KEY) between UCenter integration and the database backup API. Rotating or isolating the UC_KEY between components would break the encryption oracle chain.

CVSS provenance

nvdv3.19.1CRITICALCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
nvdv4.09.3CRITICALCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
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